Biofloc Technology: The Future of Intensive Shrimp Farming
Biofloc technology (BFT) is revolutionizing shrimp aquaculture by offering a sustainable, zero-water exchange farming system that maximizes production while minimizing environmental impact. This comprehensive guide explores how biofloc systems work, their benefits, and practical implementation strategies for Malaysian shrimp farmers.
The key principle behind biofloc is maintaining high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios in pond water, which promotes beneficial microbial growth. These microorganisms convert toxic ammonia into protein-rich bacterial flocs that serve as supplementary feed for shrimp while simultaneously improving water quality. Recent studies from UNIMAS show biofloc systems can increase shrimp yields by 30-40% compared to traditional farming methods.
Implementation requires careful monitoring of dissolved oxygen levels (maintaining above 4 mg/L), regular carbon source addition (typically molasses or wheat flour), and proper aeration infrastructure. Initial setup costs are higher than conventional systems, but operational savings from reduced water usage and supplementary nutrition typically provide ROI within two production cycles.
Key Benefits:
- 30-40% increase in yields
- Zero water exchange reduces environmental impact
- Supplementary nutrition from bacterial flocs
- Improved biosecurity through closed systems
- ROI within 2 production cycles
